The MakerDAO protocol is implemented as smart contracts:
Sai Tub: which accepts wrapped Ether ( WETH ) as the collateral for DAI debt.
Sai Tap: for DAI debt liquidation clearance ( DAI <-> PETH exchange of bad debts )
The MakerDAO protocol is described here. We took the text description from this source, but illustrated it by the real example of transactions, using the graphical presentation from bloxy.info web site. Every illustration is accompanied by the link to the transaction it shows. You can investigate this particular transaction by clicking the link, or investigate even further, by finding similar transactions on the contract.
We believe this material will help to better understand MakerDAO protocol and use it in all possible variety of ways.
Also Read: MakerDAO Tokens Explained: DAI, WETH, PETH, SIN, MKR
Table of Contents
Methods Overview
All protocol methods can be categorized in categories, working with different entities:
They describes what in general you can do with MakerDAO system:
- Deposit / withdraw your Ether ( PETH Pool )
- Control your CDP’s ( Collateral positions ) and get a loan (in DAI) from them. This effectively controls the total supply of DAI.
- Liquidate debts in DAI/PETH
Join Collateral Pool
Join the collateral pool by depositing ETH in exchange for PETH (pooled ether).
- The amount should be specified in units of
PETH. - ETH will be debited from the caller at the join price (
ask)
Exit Collateral Pool
Withdraw collateral by returning PETH to the vault in exchange for the proportional amount of ETH.
- The amount should be specified in units of
ETH. - PETH will be debited from the caller at the exit price (
bid)
Will return more or less ETH tokens for each PETH than at join depending whether the system made a profit or loss over the lifetime of the collateral deposited to the pool.
Open CDP
Create an empty CDP and set the caller to be the owner.
Give CDP
Transfer a CDP to a different owner. (changes lad)
Lock CDP
Add PETH collateral (increases ink).
More complicated case, with ETH initially converted:
Free CDP
Remove PETH collateral (decreases ink).
More complicated case, with the conversion back to ETH
Draw DAI
Issue a specified amount of Dai (increases art, rum)
More complicated, with intermediary smart contract sending DAI to the guy
Wipe DAI
Repay some portion of outstanding Dai debt (decreases art, rum).
More complicated case, where DAI exchanged to pay MKR fee. DEX exchange Oasis used for this:
Shut CDP
Close a CDP. Clear all debt, unlock all collateral and delete the record.
Collateral will be used to pay any outstanding debt at market rate. Remaining collateral will be returned to the pool.
More complicated case, using Oasis to exchange DAI to MKR:
Even more complicated, with Uniswap involved:
Bite CDP
Liquidate a vunerable CDP (zeros art, decreases ink).
Unsafe CDPs need to be liquidated. When a cup is not safe, anyone can perform bite(cup), which takes on all CDP debt and confiscates sufficient collateral to cover this, plus a buffer.
This returns the CDP to a safe state (possibly with zero collateral).
There are other possible implementations of bite, e.g. only taking sufficient collateral to just transition the CDP to safe, but the described implementation is chosen for simplicity.
More complicated case
Boom Debt
Buy dai when the system is in surplus.
Can be thought of as buy and burn. Given a net Dai balance, sell the Dai in return for PETH, which is burned.
Bust
Sell dai when the system is in deficit.
bust is really two functions in one: collateral sell off (aka flip), and inflate and sell (aka flop). When fog is non zero it is sold in return for Dai, which is used to cancel out the bad debt, woe. If fog is zero but the tap has a net Sin balance, then PETH is minted and sold in return for Dai, up to the point that the net Sin balance is zero.
Vox Target Price
The vox provides the Dai target price, given in terms of the reference unit, by par. For example, par == 2 with USD as the reference unit implies a target price of 2 USD per Sai.
The target price can vary in time, at a rate given by way, which is the multiplicative rate of change per second.
In Dai 1.0 the sensitivity, how, is set to zero. Adjustments to the target price are made by adjusting the rate of change, way, directly with coax. In future iterations, how may be non-zero and way adjustments will then follow automatically via the feedback mechanism. The vox component is subject to ongoing economic modelling research.
Cumbersome Complexity
To show an example of a REAL transaction, take a look at this:
Apart from MakerDAO contracts, 3 DEX involved: Oasis, Uniswap and Kyber Network. This transaction orchestrated by smart contract SaverProxy.
What it does is withdraws Eth collateral, swaps Eth -> Dai with Kyber, and pays back the debt in Dai
Further Research
Bloxy.info Dashboard for MakerDAO shows interesting dynamics of the methods usage over time:
As different methods are used by traders for purpose, these dynamics may tell many stories about the important events and behavior in the MakerDAO ecosystem.