This article explores the basics of gas fees, examines the most costly operations on Ethereum, and provides a comparative analysis of gas consumption on other prominent blockchains such as BNB and Base.
Admin
In this blog, we analyze S&P 50 stocks represented as Real World Assets (RWA) within the web3 ecosystem, focusing on key metrics such as use cases, token holders, and trade and transfer statistics.
Admin
In this blog, we examine the recent state of the Hedera ecosystem focusing on different aspects like price, user engagement, network activity, and transaction statistics.
Divyasshree
This article analyses how large SOL position liquidations could impact the DeFi ecosystem on Solana by focusing on token positions, SOL Whales, and liquidiations on Zeta Markets.
Admin
In this blog, we analyze Real World Assets (RWA) within the Arbitrum ecosystem, focusing on key metrics such as use cases, token holders, and trade and transfer statistics.
Admin
This article explores Bitcoin ATM txs, common issues associated with Bitcoin Depot ATMs, and effective methods for tracking, recovering Bitcoin wallet transactions.
Admin
The key difference between traditional markets and crypto markets is the way we predict the future price action of an underlying asset.In this article, we will learn how to use blockchain data analysis techniques using Bitquery APIs to predict token prices across multiple chains.
Divyasshree
The analysis of crypto wallets provides insights into user behavior and interaction patterns with other wallets. In this blog, we will explore how to conduct wallet intelligence analysis using Bitquery APIs.
Divyasshree
Information regarding the new pricing structure for Bitquery products
admin
In this blog we will see how Syla improved its crypto tax solution with Bitquery APIs.Syla is Australia’s leading tax software for crypto investments. And Bitquery is a blockchain data provider for 40+ chains
Admin
Meme coins have gained significant traction in the cryptocurrency market, driven by community engagement, humor, and speculative trading.This article explores the symbiotic relationship between these meme coins and their native networks, focusing on how network activity impacts meme coin valuations.
Admin
As the use of cryptocurrency in legal situations continues to evolve, those seeking justice will need experienced counsel to navigate an increasingly complex landscape effectively. In this blog we will see how to investigate crypto funds and prepare evidence for litigation matters
Admin
In this article, we’ll discuss how to conduct financial audits and reconciliation processes for digital assets to gain insights and detect anomalies using Bitquery APIs and Explorers. Without ado, let’s get to it!
Divyasshree
Is there a need to increase this TPS throughput capacity? Hence, it is necessary to scrutinize the TPS of these new blockchains closely. In this article, we analyze the actual demand for transactions and its growth to observe whether there is a demand for TPS in new blockchains akin to original ones.
Divyasshree
Through WETH trades, we compare exchanges in the Ethereum and Matic networks. We also distinguish between Uniswap v2 and Uniswap v3 by finding the number of newly created pools of WETH in the Ethereum network during the same period. Moreover, we find the number of duplicate WETH tokens in the Ethereum and Arbitrum networks.
Divyasshree
This blog post aims to delve into what the Exchange Whale Ratio is, its significance, and how to leverage bitquery API to track EWR for different cryptocurrencies.
Divyasshree
This article explores how FATF indicators and Bitquery data can be used to detect anomalous transactions in the cryptocurrency ecosystem, particularly focusing on transactions within specific value ranges and patterns.
Divyasshree
In this article, we’ll walk you through ways to analyze newly launched tokens and gain insight from the data. Read on to learn about how to draw meaningful insights from blockchain data.
Divyasshree
Let's dissect the anatomy of rug pulls, understand their impact, identify the warning signs, and explore their various forms.
Divyasshree
In this blog, we'll delve into Bitcoin scams and thefts, exploring the actors, tactics, and notable cases. We'll also see some measures for staying safe and protecting your investments.
Divyasshree
There has been a lot of research on various Ethereum scaling solutions because of the high network fees and slow transaction speed. In this article we will understand what is zkEVM, why it was introduced and what is the benefits of the same.
Divyasshree
In this blog we will investigate the reasons why Solana transactions fail, attempting to understand the high rate of transaction failures on this chain. Most transactions are not failing because of problems in blockchain; they’re failing because of the way users and developers are sending these transactions.
Gaurav
In this blog, we will learn how to track money that was deposited or withdrawn from tornado cash wallets.
Divyasshree
In this blog, we'll explore the various facets of the Ethereum DeFi ecosystem, analyzing data to understand its impact on the market's overall health. Join us as we dissect how each component plays a critical role in shaping the future of finance.
Divyasshree
Ethereum liquid staking has attracted over $40 billion in total value locked (TVL). And it accounted for about 80% of the total staked Ether. Overall, liquid staking introduces a flexible approach to earning passive income in DeFi.In this article, we’ll go through everything you should know about liquid staking and the benefits of this game-changing concept.
Divyasshree
This blog will analyze the evolution of US bonds onto the blockchain taking popular examples like Ondo Finance, Blackrock and so on, using on-chain data.
Divyasshree
This blog will analyze the evolution of US bonds onto the blockchain taking popular examples like Ondo Finance, Blackrock and so on, using on-chain data.
Divyasshree
This blog will analyze the gradual migration of traditional assets, such as sovereign debt and mortgages, onto the blockchain, using on-chain data.
Divyasshree
Dive into the world of Ethereum decentralized exchanges with our in-depth comparison guide. Explore key features, analyze fee structures, and understand the unique value propositions of leading DEX platforms in 2024.
Divyasshree
Most blockchain projects are community-governed, and your holding determines the strength of your votes and the power you wield in decision-making. The more the concentration of whales in a project, the more centralized the project decision-making can be. In this article, we’ll walk you through how to discover Ethereum whales and follow their activities.
Divyasshree
Bitquery Solana APIs help analyzing Solana instructions, enabling developers and researchers to explore and understand transactional data on the Solana blockchain easily. In this blog, we will use these APIs to see in detail about the nature of Solana instructions and their types.
Admin
In this blog, we'll discuss UTXOs (Unspent Transaction Outputs) and Account-Based networks. We'll cover various aspects, including how they function, their strengths and disadvantages, popular UTXO-based and account-based blockchains, accessing UTXO data, analyzing distribution and transaction patterns, and exploring the future of UTXO-based and account-based networks.
Divyasshree
This blog explains what blockchain data observability is and how you can use on-chain data to improve your observability of any ecosystem.
Admin
Explore GMX, a top DeFi project on Arbitrum with $550M+ TVL. Learn its workings, trading data retrieval, and more with Bitquery API.
Nikhil Bhintade
Learn how to leverage Bitquery APIs for real-time data extraction and easy implementation on the BSC network.
Admin
Explore Ethereum's ERC & Solana's SPL token standards. Understand differences, use cases & leverage Bitquery's API for in-depth analytics across blockchains.
Nikhil Bhintade
Explore the Cosmos API through Bitquery, a powerful blockchain API that allows querying transactions, blocks, addresses, and more on the Cosmos blockchain.
Nikhil Bhintade
Discover blockchain transaction simulation's role in smart contract development, scalability testing, and security enhancement.
Nikhil Bhintade
In this detailed blog post, we are going to dive into auctioning, how it works for NFTs and how to analyze it's statistics, events and properties with Bitquery.
Divyasshree N
What is the Beacon Chain, and how does it affect the stability, decentralization, and security of the Ethereum blockchain? Let’s check that out!
Divyasshree N
Learn how Bitcoin Halving impacts scarcity, inflation, miner incentives and profitability, decentralization, fees, and the Bitcoin ecosystem.
Nikhil Bhintade
Let's learn about how Arbitrum, one of the popular Ethereum Layer 2 solutions, manages transactions through its unique system and how that system works.
Nikhil Bhintade
In this blog, we'll discuss UTXOs (Unspent Transaction Outputs) and explore their significance in understanding financial flows and blockchain network activity. We'll cover various aspects, including how UTXOs function, their strengths and disadvantages, popular UTXO-based blockchains, accessing UTXO data, analyzing UTXO distribution and transaction patterns, and exploring the future of UTXO-based networks.
Divyasshree
Explore Arbitrum's Booming NFT Landscape with Bitquery's Powerful GraphQL APIs for Trading Data, Traits, Token Transfers, and More
Admin
Explore Litecoin's Booming Landscape with Bitquery's Powerful GraphQL APIs for Transactions, Blocks, Token Transfers, and More
Nikhil Bhintade
Let's understand technology behind popular L2s like Starknet and zkSync and it's working under the hood.
Admin
Explore Arbitrum's Booming DEX Landscape with Bitquery's Powerful GraphQL APIs for Trading Data, Liquidity Pools, Token Transfers, and More
Nikhil Bhintade
This article will guide you through some of the best courses offering a thorough understanding of crypto investigation. These courses, ranging from basic blockchain concepts to advanced forensic methods, give you the necessary knowledge and skills for success in this rapidly changing field of cryptocurrency investigations.
Divyasshree
Understanding how tokens are distributed among different wallet holders provides insights into the concentration of wealth and influence within the network. In this article we analyse different categories of wallets and use Bitquery Token holder APIs to explore the distribution of token holders.
Divyasshree N
Learn how developers can leverage Bitcoin APIs from Bitquery to build innovative applications and gain insights into the Bitcoin network.
Admin
Data driven analysis of telegram trading bots that automate crypto trades on decentralized exchanges like Uniswap
Admin
Managing and warehousing blockchain data from multiple chains is a complex task, fraught with unique challenges that can impact the stability and reliability of data management systems. In this blog, we'll discuss these challenges and see how teams like Bitquery tackle these issues.
Divyasshree N
In this blog, we will delve deeper into how Tornado Cash operates, why it's so appealing, and why tracing transactions through it poses such a challenge.
Divyasshree N
Data driven analysis of Cardano Ecosystem.
Admin
As more people gets interested in NFT market, competition between different marketplace becomes fierce. In this articel, we will take a look at 2 of the top NFT marketplaces.
Nikhil Bhintade
Exploring Bitquery's Celo API to get data about celo transactions, erc20/721 transfers and much more.
Nikhil Bhintade
MEV, is it good or bad? The fact is it will be there so let's try to understand different ways MEV is extracted. Understanding these attacks is quite helpful if you want to extract or avoid MEV.
Nikhil Bhintade
In this article, we delve into the intricacies of identifying VC holdings, exploring the significance of this knowledge in making informed investment decisions and conducting thorough risk assessments
Divyasshree N
In this comprehensive article, we're going to explore some key metrics to consider when analyzing smart contracts and how to perform an extensive threat scan with Bitquery APIs
Divyasshree
In this article, we are going to explore what are optimistic rollups and how they work.
Nikhil Bhintade
This report analysis in depth the recent rug pull involving NEA token with data-backed insights as to how the crime occured.
Matej
This comprehensive article will serve as a guide to those who have unfortunately fallen victim to Bitcoin scams, providing a step-by-step roadmap towards recovery of the stolen funds.
Divyasshree
Bitquery Avalanche APIs empower developers to build decentralized apps by providing easy access to Avalanche data.Bitquery offers plug-and-play APIs to leverage Avalanche's transactions, trading data, and more.
Nikhil Bhintade
From the groundbreaking Silk Road seizure to the notorious Bitfinex hack, and the recent high-profile case involving James Zhong, instances of Bitcoin confiscation by the US government have not only grabbed headlines but also prompted a closer examination of the role blockchain data plays in these legal proceedings.
Divyasshree
Diva launches a 'vampire attack' on Lido with innovative liquid staking powered by DVT. Witness a 600% surge in TVL, surpassing $37M in just two weeks.
Nikhil Bhintade
Discover Cardano's potential with Bitquery APIs. Explore staking, transactions, blocks, and more. Unleash the power of decentralized applications on Cardano!
Nikhil Bhintade
By exploring these intricate data trails, airdrop analysis provides a clearer picture of the ecosystem, offering valuable insights into the evolving landscape of web3. In this blog, we will see how anyone can do Airdrop Analysis for free using Bitquery
Nitin Jakhar
If one tries to look into this rabbit hole from the wrong angle (greed), it becomes too late to realize that they slipped right into a scam.However, tech-savvy investors know their way around this. There are many online tools and methods available that you can follow to find the true nature of the token and flag them red if they seem suspicious. In this article, we’ll utilize the simplest, i.e., Bitquery.
Divyasshree
By exploring these intricate data trails, blockchain analysis provides a clearer picture of the ecosystem, offering valuable insights into the evolving landscape of web3. In this blog, we will see how anyone can do Blockchain Analysis for free using Bitquery
Admin
Explore token wealth distribution using Gini & Nakamoto coefficients using Bitquery's new Token Holders API.
Nikhil Bhintade
Unlock Aave V3's DeFi potential with Bitquery Explorer for comprehensive data insights. Borrow, supply, and more!
Nikhil Bhintade
Exploring multiple facets of the Ethereum L2 ecosystems, Arbitrum and Polygon, using the Bitquery API.
Nikhil Bhintade
Analyze token holders activities for USDC and USDT with Bitquery's Token Holders API for valuable insights.
Nikhil Bhintade
In this blog, we will explore the Arbitrum Ecosystem using metrics derived from blockchain data, including Total Value Locked (TVL), Token Holders, Top Wallets, DEXs, etc., with the help of Bitquery API.
Divyasshree
Get real time Ethereum's Mempool with 90%+ coverage, understand transaction delays, and discover top data providers for seamless blockchain insights.
Nikhil Bhintade
In the DeFi landscape, access to reliable data sources is imperative. This comprehensive guide explores a diverse array of SushiSwap APIs and tools, empowering traders, investors, and developers with data-driven insights.
admin
Unlock insights into NFT collections. Discover trending NFTs, explore detailed metadata, and identify current owners.
Nikhil Bhintade
Explore NFT sales trends, queries, and real-time data with Bitquery NFT API for NFT projects and applications.
Nikhil Bhintade
Transactions can be broken down in detail with the help of event data. In this blog, we will see how we can use Bitquery NFT APIs to get any on-chain NFT event information.
Divyasshree
Explore Arbitrum APIs for Ethereum Layer 2: Balances, Token Transfers, DEX Trades, and NFTs. Retrieve valuable data with Bitquery's GraphQL API.
Nikhil Bhintade
Learn how to access and query blockchain data efficiently using Google BigQuery. Explore public Ethereum datasets, write SQL queries, and use Python to fetch data.
Nikhil Bhintade
Bitquery's NFT Marketplace APIs make it easy to get data on NFTs from popular marketplaces like OpenSea, Blur, X2Y2, and Rarible. With our APIs, you can get information on NFT prices, sales history, ownership, and more.
Divyasshree N
Discover how to track liquidity for Uniswap token pairs using Bitquery V2 APIs for real-time insights.
Nikhil Bhintade
In this blog, we will discuss Uniswap API and some of the best Uniswap trading data APIs to help you understand the DEX data more.
Divyasshree N
Exploring the top Market Trackers providing information on NFT market
Admin
Today we will discuss getting NFT-related data from BLUR NFT Marketplace. BLUR recently beamed into the Web3 scenario with their famous token airdrop and no fees model.
Gaurav Agarwal
We delve into the key challenges encountered when building blockchain ETL pipelines. By understanding these challenges, you can develop strategies to overcome them.
Nikhil Bhintade
In this blog, we will discuss some of the best NFT data sources to help you build your next NFT dApp.
Divyasshree N
In this blog we will discuss some of the top Tron data sources including APIs, SDKs and explorers that provide information on the Tron chain.
Divyasshree N
Today we will discuss Opensea API (Seaport API) and how to get Opensea nft marketplace data such nft trading, collection, transfers and other NFT data using Bitquery blockchain API
By Gaurav Agrawal
With the seamless integration of APIs, the dark corners of NFT wash trading are illuminated, revealing hidden networks and suspicious transactions. Stay one step ahead of fraudulent schemes, safeguarding the authenticity and value of NFTs with unwavering precision.
Admin
Bitquery.io, the leading provider of blockchain data is absolutely thrilled to announce its partnership with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to offer its blockchain data products through the AWS Data Exchange Marketplace.
Divyasshree N
Table of Contents Blockchain visualization tools can help users better understand on-chain activity by providing a graphical representation of the
Divyasshree N
Browse the Ethereum blockchain and get some interesting insights on top token holders.
Divyasshree N
We are excited to announce that we have raised $8.5 million in our Seed round of funding! The round was
Admin
Discuss some interesting facts about 0x v4 protocols and show you examples of some APIs
admin
Recently we have opened GraphQL APIs for DEXs on Tron. Now you can access DEXs data on the Tron blockchain….
By admin
TL;DR – We have indexed Velas blockchain, therefore now you can use Bitquery APIs to query Velas. To get started,
Admin
Klaytn is a South Korean blockchain platform that made a buzz when reports emerged that Samsung would integrate Klaytn in.
Admin
Solana is a blockchain that allows DApp developers to deploy crypto applications and grow rapidly without the congestion and scalability…
By admin
Last month, we announced the grant from the Polygon team. Soon after, our team started the Polygon integration in our…
By admin
Polygon, a full-stack Ethereum Solution, has announced a new integration with Bitquery.io (formerly bloxy.info), a blockchain data provider. Polygon will…
By admin
CoinSwap is a DEX(decentralized exchange) that provides users with a suite of services to help them maximize their returns. The exchange…
Divyasshree N
From King of Leon launching their music album to Grimes and Lindsay lohan memeing herself on the blockchain, NFTs are…
Divyasshree N
we will show you how you can use our DEX APIs to get an asset price against any other asset
Divyasshree N
In this article, we will talk about how to use alias and aggregation with GraphQL queries.
Divyasshree N
Blockchains are now a crucial part of our digital infrastructure. They are the place to create new financial assets, companies,…
Divyasshree N
Have you ever tried to track bitcoin transactions or address on a standard blockchain explorer? Then you must know that…
Divyasshree N
It’s been almost three months since the launch of Conflux’s mainnet, Tethys. And, we wanted to know how the network…
Divyasshree N
DEXs made a lot of noise in 2020; the trade volume of Ethereum DEXs grew from $270 million in January…
Divyasshree N
On Nov 24th, 2020, Ethereum 2.0 Beacon chain is launched and has more than 1.5 million ETH deposited in the…
Divyasshree N
Discover conditional aggregation functions (any, maximum, minimum) for GraphQL APIs and simplify event extraction. Explore examples and more!
Divyasshree N
Get real time and historical PancakeSwap trades, volume, lquidity, latest pools on BSC, ETH and other blockchains. Also get historical data using APIs, Websockets, AWS and Google cloud.
admin
Even though blockchain data is openly accessible, analyzing for useful, actionable insights is still a complicated task.
Admin
Bitquery introduces APIs for on-chain Tethys data and Coinpath APIs to trace money on Conflux
Admin
Creating customized dashboards for blockchain data
admin
Read about challenges of working with multiple cryptocurrency APIs, the importance of selecting the right one, and simplifying development process with Bitquery API.
Admin
Read about challenges of working with multiple cryptocurrency APIs, the importance of selecting the right one, and simplifying development process with Bitquery API.
Admin
Blockchains are “Mirror of Erised.” You will always find your interests in them.
Admin
In this article, we will show how to analyze Ethereum DEXs using our blockchain explorer.
Admin
Today, we will show what we have built in the past few weeks and our plan to support the ETH2.0 infrastructure.
Admin
We are now supporting Ethereum DEX trading data on our GraphQL APIs. You can get DEX trades, OHLC, trading volume, and other DEX related data for more than 18 Ethereum DEX protocols such as Uniswap, Balancer, Kyber, 0x, IDEX, etc.
Admin
In the last few articles, we talked argued using GraphQL APIs for blockchain data and how to create your first blockchain GraphQL query. In this article, we will show how to call GraphQL APIs using different programming languages.
Admin
In this article we will see how Stablexswap uses Bitquery
Admin
Recently, we saw a lot of researchers trying to uncover scams throughout the Ethereum ecosystems. However, we noticed that most of the researchers are able to explain “What happened” but not able to track “Who actually pulled the rug.”
Admin
In the previous article, we have argued why you should GraphQL over Rest for blockchain data APIs. In this article, we will talk about some basic concepts of GraphQL in the context of Bitquery and show steps to create a simple GraphQL query.
Admin
On September 1st, Binance launched one of the most awaited projects BNB chain.
Admin
Anyone can create different types of tokens using Ethereum smart contracts. At the time of writing this article, more than 112,373 different tokens were already created on the Ethereum blockchain using ERC20, ERC721, ERC223, ERC827 standards.
Admin
As we know Ethereum blockchain only output events and transactions. Therefore, events provide very important insights into smart contract activities.
Admin
In this article, we will talk about how to get blockchain data (on-chain data) using Bitquery GraphQL APIs and why it’s better than the product out there.
Admin
Throughout history, states pursued control over economic transactions using regulations. Today, the regulatory apparatus of states all around the world is facing a new complicated task, regulating digital assets (cryptocurrencies).
Admin
Recently we have seen TLV (Total locked value) plastered all over the crypto sphere touting the success and growth of DeFi protocols. Today, we will use a simple metric “Unique smart contract callers” to understand how many users actually using these protocols.
Admin
European regulators are working on a regulatory framework for crypto assets since 2019. An outcome of this work, a draft legislation Market in Crypto Assets (MiCA), was leaked. In this article, we will highlight some of the crucial points of the draft legislation.
Admin
In the last article, we showed you how to get Uniswap trades using simple rest APIs. Today, we will show how you get the latest Uniswap data using a single GraphQL apis.
Gaurav Agrawal
2020 is the DEX year, in which DEX volume skyrocketed from $250 million to $15 billion and still growing.
Admin
We have added a new GraphQL API to query the token balance for Ethereum and other smart contract chains such as Algorand, Celo, Binance smart chain.
Admin
We will showcase how to use are simple GraphQL APIs to get Ethereum supply and all sorts of other Ethereum blockchain data.
Admin
In this blog we will use popular examples to see how to perform transaction monitoring, risk assessment, and investigations.
Admin
In the early days, criminals used Bitcoin as a safe haven, thinking Bitcoin is anonymous, and transactions can’t be traced. However, today, sophisticated blockchain analysis software can trace bitcoin transactions to identify criminal activities on the blockchain.
Gaurav Agrawal
Crypto networks are economic systems with native currencies called cryptocurrencies. And the evolution of smart contracts enabled more complex financial transactions on blockchains.
Admin
Ethereum Classic yesterday experienced a huge ‘51% attack’. One miner generated a series of more than 3500 blocks…
Aleksey Studnev
After attacking the Ethereum classic chain on July 31, 2020, the same Attacker attacked the ETC chain again yesterday. The massive reorganization of 4236 blocks happened in Ethereum Classic blockchain at 2020–08–06 02:54:27 UTC.
Aleksey Studnev
In the 1920s, Al Capone, an American gangster, was earning millions in extortion, prostitution, gambling, and bootleg liquor. Still, he needed to show a legitimate source of his income. Hence he bought multiple laundromats business to mix his illicit earnings with their legitimate earnings. Gangsters choose laundromats because they were cash businesses. Many believe this as the origin story of the term “Money Laundering.”
Gaurav Agrawal
In the last article, Ethereum Classic 51% Chain Attack Jul 31 2020, we have described the facts related to Ethereum classic attack, which took place between Jul 31 and Aug 1. In this article, we have analyzed the transactions during the attack in both forks of the chain.
Aleksey Studnev
In this article, we will learn how you can build a crypto alert service like WhaleAlert using Bitquery APIs within a few minutes.
Admin
Bitquery introduces APIs for on-chain Conflux data and Coinpath APIs to trace money on Conflux.
Admin
In this blog we will see all new updates made to Bitquery’s products in July 2020 release
Gaurav Agrawal
In 2019, hackers stole $283 million worth of cryptocurrencies in 11 hacks. Among these hacks, hackers also successfully targeted the Upbit exchange.
Gaurav Agrawal
On 16 July 2020, Twitter’s internal tool was hacked, and hackers tweeted giveaway tweets with Bitcoin addresses from influential peoples and top companies’ profiles.
Gaurav Agrawal
Coinpath® API helps compliance companies with the money flow data. In order to build compliance tools you need money flow data as backbone.
Gaurav Agrawal
In this blog we will explain how to identify if crypto quizes or games are scams
Gaurav Agrawal
This blog investigates different MakerDAO transactions
Aleksey Studnev
In this blog we experiment with calculating entropy measures from bitcoin (BTC), and ethereum (ETH) balances
Aleksey Studnev
Aleksey Studnev
By admin
Let us understand smart contracts convert one token to another
Aleksey Studnev
Analysis of Blockchain Availability Based on Block Lag By Aleksey Studnev, Bitquery.io, 16 May, 2023 This analysis focuses on examining
Admin
The rise of NFTs has opened up a world of opportunities for creators, developers, and businesses. Recognizing the potential of NFTs, many individuals and companies have begun capitalizing on this trend by creating NFTs and developing innovative NFT-based solutions.
Divyasshree N
Let’s dig deeper into how ICO mechanic works and how it can be analyzed post factum based on the trusted data source — blockchain itself.
admin
